THE CAUSES OF THE FALKLANDS WAR

    Sheffield Destroyer Burning in the Falklands War

    Argentine during the 70^th decades was consecutively controlled by the military junta administration obtained by the military coup de’tat. The transfer of power from General Jorge Videla to General Roberto Viola, and then taken over by General Leopoldo Galtieri in December 1981, provides not so good image either internationally or domestically in Argentine itself.

   It can be stated that commencing from 1976, the popularity of the Argentinean military authoritative government administration has drastically dropped. It is worsened by the decreasing economic condition. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has declined up to 6% per year whereas inflation reaches about 160% and a great number of unemployment accumulates. Such condition is really worrying for a developing country.

   The domestic condition of Argentine under the military junta was not free from a resistance. Opposition was conducted by labor groups, united their power under a labor organization “Las Madres de Mayo”, and indicating its closeness to the other opposition leaders and to the group of suppressed people. For them, the government administration of the military junta did not provide a hope to meet the people’s demand for “exploitation abolition” in Falkland Islands and South Georgia from British. For the whole Argentinean people, the Falkland Islands or “Islas Malvinas” always becomes the focus their not yet settled national unity.

   The hand-over of sovereignty of Islas Malvinas from British to Argentine becomes one of their national goals. The Government administration of military junta saw the Falklands affair could be used to increase its popularity. However, because it was carried out in improper time and unsuitable situation, politically the Argentinean military junta government administration as if were opening a nightmare.

   The facts indicated that the Falklands conflict occurred due to the consecutive political miscalculations.The first miscalculation was made by the British Authority in Falklands.The problem was actually fairly simple. In September 1979, an Argentinean businessman named Constantio Davidoff bought an abattoir for whales in South Georgia from Christian Salvensen, an English businessman from Edinburgh. Davidoff planned to dismantle this abattoir building and sell it in Argentine as scrapped irons. For this purpose, Davidoff conveyed a request to Falkland Governor to obtain the dismantling permit and assistance to use the British ship, HMS Endurance, in order to transport these scrapped irons to Argentine.

   The request to use the HMS Endurance for such transportation was rejected.Two years afterwards, Davidoff informed the British officer that he would dismantle and lift the scrapped iron from South Georgia to Argentine by using the Argentinean Naval Ship which was willing to assist him. Davidoff took along with him 41 Argentinean workers and arrived in South Georgia in March 1982, by using the “Bahia Nuen Suceso” belonging to the Argentinean Navy. Not long after the Argentinean workers arrived in South Georgia, the residents of South Georgia made a protest to the Falkland Governor, because nearby the job site an Argentinean flag was raised.

   The Falklands Governor sent HMS Endurance to give a warning and to drive out the Argentinean Naval Ship from the said island. The government administration of the Argentinean military junta reacted by sending the Naval transport ship “Bahia Paraiso” to South Georgia to settle the problem peacefully. Temporarily, the dispute related to the Davidoff’s business activities was deemed settled by British.But not for the Argentine, it was treated on the contrary.

   The case of Davidoff was used as an excuse to accelerate the Argentine’s plan related to Falklands. It should be noted that commencing from the moment when holding the leadership of the military junta government administration in December 1981, General Leopoldo Galtieri together with the command holders of Argentinean military had already planned the possibility to carry out the military invasion to Falklands. Galtieri thought that military power was the only way able to accelerate the negotiation process with British. He was confident enough, because he had strong reasons to achieve his political goal.

Although in the end the Argentinean fighter planes caused a great deal of victims and big loss to British, tens of them also became victims. Obviously, on paper, the Argentinean fighter planes were more superior that those possessed by British, however Argentine got no opportunity to demonstrate their superiority due to the factor of the abrupt changes in strategy and tactics. In another word, Argentine was not capable in utilizing the opportunity of its geographical advantageous factor.

   In addition, the moral advantageous factor was not materialized either as expected. It was true that the effort to seize back the Falklands for the Argentinean people became one of the national goals and died in “Islas Malvinas” was a heroic action. However, the public opinion upon the government administration of the Argentinean military junta was so bad in such a way, that from the moral point of view the Argentinean people gave less support.

   On the contrary for British, the moral factor was even built up and materialized and became a very determining power. The mobilization of British military power to Falklands at a distance of approximately 8000 miles from their homeland, including the execution of Direct Air Raid “Black Buck” classified as being too determined, was a very brave decision in a critical condition.

   This is in line with the Sub Tzu’s teaching, “In critical time, a troop leader shall act just like a man climbing a certain peak by using a ladder, and then kicking his ladder backward down. This was the thing that motivated the British combating spirit in Falklands, and brought them into a victory.

  

The Great British Independently 
Military Campaign in History
 

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